The decision partially overruled the Court's 1896 decision Plessy v. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality. 483 (1954), was a landmark decision by the U.S. Richmond County Board of Education (1899)īrown v. This case overturned a previous ruling or rulingsĬumming v. District Court of Kansas reversed.Ĭhief Justice Earl Warren Associate Justices Hugo Black Segregation of students in public schools violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, because separate facilities are inherently unequal. 1955) motion to intervene granted, 84 F.R.D. 1951) probable jurisdiction noted, 344 U.S. The decision prompted a backlash across the South but also contributed to a watershed moment in the civil rights movement that struck down segregation laws during the 1960s.74 S. The Court ruled that segregation itself was harmful and a violation of the constitutional right to equal protection under the law. The justices were influenced by the famous “doll experiments,” which demonstrated the psychological impacts of internalized racism on black children. The Supreme Court, in its unanimous opinion, agreed. NAACP lawyer Thurgood Marshall, who went on to become the Supreme Court’s first African American justice, argued that segregated schools could never be equal. In 1951, her father, Oliver Brown, joined with other black parents in Topeka and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) to sue the local board of education, challenging school segregation. In Brown, the Court ruled racial segregation in public schools inherently unequal and unconstitutional based on the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.Įven though Linda Brown lived just blocks away from an all-white elementary school, she had to walk across railroad tracks and catch a bus to an all-black school farther away. Board of Education (1954) struck down the doctrine of “separate but equal” established by the earlier Supreme Court case, Plessy v.
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